成语故事 · 声匠改编 · 3:48
纸上谈兵
赵括熟读兵书,谈起打仗连父亲赵奢都难不倒他。长平之战,赵王不听劝阻让他替下廉颇,他照搬兵书冒进,赵军全军覆没。
About this story
“纸上谈兵”的故事出自西汉司马迁《史记·廉颇蔺相如列传》:赵奢之子赵括熟读兵书,谈起兵事连父亲都难不倒他,赵奢却断言他若为将必败赵军;公元前 260 年长平之战,赵孝成王中了秦国的反间计,不听蔺相如和赵括母亲的劝阻,用赵括替下廉颇,结果赵军大败,赵括中箭而死。“纸上谈兵”四个字是后人的概括,《史记》原文里没有;战国时文字写在竹简、木牍和帛上,那时还没有纸。也有史家指出,长平之败与赵国国力和赵王急于求战都有关系,并非赵括一人之过;这一版保留了父子论兵、蔺相如“胶柱鼓瑟”的劝谏和赵母上书三个场面。
What it teaches
书读得多是好事,但兵书上的字不会自己打仗。真本事要在实践里磨出来,对没做过的大事,更要怀着敬畏之心。
Suits
适合 8 岁以上
Tips for telling it
- 赵括前半段语速快、很得意,被围之后突然发虚,形成反差。
- 先给孩子解释“胶柱鼓瑟”:瑟的弦柱粘死了就没法调音,蔺相如是在说赵括不会变通。
- 讨论一下:赵奢难不倒儿子,为什么还断定儿子会打败仗?
Questions people ask
- 纸上谈兵是什么意思?
- 在纸面上谈论用兵打仗。比喻只会空谈理论,不能解决实际问题,也比喻空谈不能成为现实。
- 纸上谈兵出自哪里?
- 故事出自西汉司马迁《史记·廉颇蔺相如列传》,主人公是战国时赵国名将赵奢的儿子赵括。“纸上谈兵”这个说法是后人概括出来的,原文里并没有这四个字。
- 纸上谈兵告诉我们什么道理?
- 书本知识要和实际结合。读书多不等于会做事,要在实践中学会随机应变,也要对自己没做过的事保持谨慎和敬畏。
- 纸上谈兵的近义词和反义词是什么?
- 近义词有“夸夸其谈”“坐而论道”;反义词有“脚踏实地”“学以致用”。
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班门弄斧
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