民间传说 · 声匠改编 · 3:56
腊八粥的传说
放牛娃朱重八被财主关进柴房挨饿,从老鼠洞里掏出一把杂粮,煮成一锅香喷喷的粥,那天正是腊月初八。多年后他当了皇帝,还惦记着这碗粥。
About this story
腊月初八喝腊八粥,民间有好几种来历的说法。这一版讲的是流传很广的朱元璋故事:他小时候给财主放牛,被关起来挨饿,从老鼠洞里掏出杂粮煮粥充饥,那天正是腊八,当了皇帝后便把这种粥叫作腊八粥。这个故事没有史料依据:北宋孟元老《东京梦华录》已记载,腊月初八“诸大寺作浴佛会,并送七宝五味粥与门徒,谓之腊八粥”,比朱元璋出生(1328 年)早两百多年。其他常见说法还有佛陀成道、岳飞军中百姓送粥、勤俭持家的小两口等;为了让小朋友听得开心,这一版加了一只会说话的小老鼠。
What it teaches
从老鼠洞里掏出来的一把杂粮,救了一个饿肚子的孩子;当上皇帝,他也没忘了那碗粥。故事告诉孩子:一粥一饭来之不易,日子再好,也要珍惜粮食。
Suits
4–10 岁
Tips for telling it
- 腊八当天边熬粥边讲最好,可以让孩子数一数粥里放了几样东西。
- 告诉大一点的孩子:腊八粥在宋朝就有了,比朱元璋早得多,这个故事是后人附会的。
- 可以再讲讲腊八的其他说法,比如佛祖成道,让孩子比一比更喜欢哪一个。
Questions people ask
- 腊八节为什么要喝腊八粥?
- 说法很多。佛教传说释迦牟尼在腊月初八悟道成佛,成道前曾接受牧女供养的乳糜,所以寺院这天煮粥供佛、施粥;民间还有朱元璋、岳飞、勤俭持家等各种故事。北宋孟元老《东京梦华录》已记载腊八寺院送“七宝五味粥”,城里人家也“以果子杂料煮粥而食”,可见这个习俗至少已有九百多年。
- 腊八是哪一天?“腊”是什么意思?
- 腊八是农历十二月初八。“腊”本是古代年终祭祀众神和祖先的“腊祭”,所以十二月叫腊月;南北朝时腊日渐渐固定在十二月初八,南朝梁宗懔《荆楚岁时记》就说“十二月八日为腊日”。
- 腊八粥是朱元璋发明的吗?
- 不是。朱元璋生于 1328 年(元朝末年),而北宋的《东京梦华录》早已记载东京城在腊八喝腊八粥,比他早两百多年。朱元璋鼠洞得粮的故事是民间附会,讲的是珍惜粮食、不忘苦日子。
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